6. Sand Spring

General Information

Reference Number: 6
State: Pennsylvania
County: Union
Municipality: Lewis
USGS Quad: Carroll
Watershed: White DeerCreek
Hydrogeomorphic Class: Riparian Depression
Disturbance Class: Pristine
Dominant Vegetation Class: PFO
Wetland Area: 0.2 ha (0.5 ac)
Year(s) Sampled: 1993, 1994

This slideshow requires JavaScript.


Vegetation

Herbaceous
Percent Cover: 23.0% (range 5-70%)
Dominant Species
Common Name Scientific Name
Long awned wood grass Brachelytrum erectum
Gold thread Coptis groenlandica
Manna grass Glyceria sp.
New York fern Thelypteris noveboracensis
Long sedge Carex folliculata
Woody
Percent cover: 85.0% (range 30-100%)
Dominant Species
American witch hazel Hamamelis virginiana
Black gum Nyssa sylvatica
Red oak Quercus rubra
Red maple Acer rubrum
Yellow birch Betula alleghaniensis
Weighted Indicator Status (dominant species)
Herbaceous: 2.33
Woody: 3.33
Weighted Indicator Status (all species)
Herbaceous: 2.17
Woody: 3.44
Species Richness
Total: 41
Herbaceous: 34 (over 2 years)
Woody: 7

Soils

Matrix Chroma (mean): 1.3
Organic Matter (mean %): 36.02
Bulk Density (g/cm2): 0.71
Soil Series: Buchanan very stony loam
Texture (mean %)
Sand: 43.6
Silt: 34.7
Clay: 21.8
Sedimentation Rate
Mineral loading (g/cm2): 0.00
Equivalent depth (cm): 0.00
Organic loading (g/cm2): 1.10

Hydrology

Water Level
Median (cm): -17.5
Range (cm): -117.0 – (-2.0)
Water Quality
pH (mean): 5.0
Conductivity (mean): 31.3